GLP-1 Medicines: Myths, Facts and What You Should Know
GLP-1 medicines have quickly become a trending topic both in conversations around diabetes and weight management, where there is a lot of information circulating online. Some present it as an 'effortless' way to lose weight, while others focus entirely on the risks.
The truth is somewhere in the middle: they are a type of prescription medicine, which may be beneficial for some, while unsuitable for others. Recognising what they can and cannot do, and what to expect from undergoing such treatment, can help separate myths from reality.
Key Takeaways
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What are GLP-1 medicines?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone involved in the regulation of blood sugar, appetite and digestion. Medicines which act on this pathway can help to improve blood sugar and may also affect appetite and food intake.
Not all products which are commonly referred to as a 'GLP-1 medicine' work in exactly the same way; for example, tirzepatide acts on both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. It is used in medicines prescribed for conditions including type 2 diabetes and, under specific approved indications, weight management. Mounjaro contains tirzepatide. Patients may come across different strengths and product presentations when looking at their prescription. A Mounjaro 2.5mg KwikPen is one such presentation, while Mounjaro 5mg Injection refers to a 5 mg strength.
Myth: GLP-1 medicines are only for weight loss
Weight loss is one reason these medicines have received so much attention, but it is not their only use.
Some GLP-1 medicines are used to help manage type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide is also used in diabetes care and has approved uses related to chronic weight management in certain settings.
This is also why taking someone else's prescription is not a good idea. The same medicine may not be appropriate for every person.
Myth: A higher dose means better results
It can be tempting to assume that taking a higher dose will lead to faster weight loss or better blood sugar control. These medicines are generally introduced gradually instead.
For Mounjaro, treatment is usually started at 2.5 mg once weekly. Further increases may be made gradually depending on the individual's response and treatment plan.
This gradual approach gives the body time to adjust. Increasing the dose without medical advice can also increase the chance of unwanted effects.
Myth: Taking a GLP-1 medicine means you have failed at managing your weight
Needing medical treatment does not mean that someone has not tried hard enough. Weight can be influenced by many factors, including biology, health conditions, medicines and lifestyle. For some people, medication can be one part of managing those factors, just as it is for many other long-term health conditions.
Myth: The medicine does all the work
GLP-1 medicines are not a replacement for the habits that support long-term health.
For people using weight-management medicines, healthy eating and regular physical activity remain important. Medication may provide additional support when lifestyle changes alone have not been enough, but it does not make those changes unnecessary.
It is also worth remembering that maintaining weight loss can be difficult. Some people may regain weight after stopping treatment, which is why the longer-term plan matters too.
Myth: These medicines are only for people with severe obesity
GLP-1 treatment is not something a person should decide based on their weight alone. A healthcare professional may consider factors such as BMI, existing health conditions, treatment goals and the specific medicine being prescribed. Being above a certain weight does not automatically mean you need a GLP-1 medicine, just as being below it does not automatically rule one out.
Myth: If one GLP-1 medicine works, the others will work the same way
The term "GLP-1 medicine" covers treatments that are not identical. They can have different active ingredients, approved uses, doses and ways of working.This is one reason a medicine that suits one person may not necessarily be the right choice for someone else.
What about side effects?
The growing popularity of these medicines can make them seem almost routine. They are still prescription treatments, and side effects are possible.
Common side effects associated with GLP-1 medicines include nausea, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, indigestion and abdominal pain. These effects may be more noticeable when treatment begins or when the dose is increased.
A person's medical history and other medicines can affect whether a particular treatment is suitable. This does not mean serious problems will happen to everyone. It simply means that these medicines should be used with appropriate medical guidance.
What should you know before starting one?
Many of the Most Common Questions About GLP-1 Medicines are: Which medicine is right for me? What dose should I take? How long might I need treatment? What side effects should I look out for? Can I take it with my other medicines?
These are all useful questions to discuss before starting treatment.
Your healthcare professional can consider your medical history, current medicines and treatment goals before recommending an option. Cost and availability may also matter, particularly if treatment is expected to continue for a longer period.
It is also important to mention any upcoming surgery or procedure to your healthcare team. Some medicines in this group can delay stomach emptying, which may be relevant when anaesthesia or deep sedation is planned.
Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
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